Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics are terms that combine pharmacology (the study and science of how drugs work in the body) with genetics (the study of genes, their variations, and heredity), and genomics (the study of the functions, relationships, and influences of all genes, as in the genome of a single person or of a species). Increasingly, the terms are used interchangeably. Pharmacogenetics helps explain why one person might respond differently to a drug or substance than another individual, based on certain inherited genes.

From the Sage Encyclopedia of Pharmacology and /society vol. 3, 2016.
The ultimate goal of pharmacogenomics is to be fully integrated into the development, testing, prescription, and use of pharmaceuticals so that individuals taking them may receive the maximum benefits possible while minimizing adverse effects (known officially within the pharmaceutical drugs community as “adverse drugs reactions,” a phrase commonly abbreviated as ADRs).

From the Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and allied Health, vol. 5 2017.
Pharmacogenomics is in its infancy. As of 2017, pharmacogenomic testing was available for medical conditions ranging from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and cancer to infectious diseases and mental health disorders. However, its use in clinical practice remained relatively rare, with almost all treatment choices still based solely on the particular disease and clinical factors such as the patient's age, weight, sex, and liver and kidney function.